~~~Artiphys~~~

Friday, May 16, 2008

Agnostic vs Atheist

aah, it's so bittersweet when someone takes the words right out of your mouth: link

"Here is my position - very briefly. It is important to distinguish between propositions that are false and those that are outside the arena of science. Those ideas that cannot be tested, even in theory, are simply not science, and they are unknowable (I am talking about factual claims, not value judgments).

Unknowable propositions are worse than wrong - they are unnecessary. As I said - deism is unnecessary. That doesn’t mean there is no god - it means that the notion of a god (depending upon how it is conceived, but the basic idea of a being outside the confines of our physical universe and its laws) is simply unknowable. It is simply wrong to say that we can know god does not exist. The only logically consistent position is agnosticism. But you can combine that with the notion that such unfalsifiable claims are unnecessary. If someone chooses to have faith in such a thing, like the FSM, I really don’t care - as long as they keep it pure faith and do not make any logical or empirical claims - that’s cheating.

Regarding the term agnostic - I would rather have the opportunity to explain to people why I am agnostic than to create the other misconception (which is absolutely used as often as possible by believers) that atheists have faith in the non-existence of god. You’re burned either way, and you will have to explain yourself, so don’t shy away from philosophical purism."


Interestingly, this is the same guy who made the comment about the ghost in the machine being dead. Dualism and deism are two different things. However, yet another comment from the original thread interprets Brooks' take on duality in a way that resonates with me:

"...it seems to me that Brooks is advocating higher states of consciousness emerging as epiphenomena, rather than a dual quality of the mind, as implied by your “ghost in the machine” remark."

To me, this is the real mystery. I wholly accept the material nature of existence, and yet I still find it magical. You can have both -- complete materialism (even determinism! more on that one day) -- and yet there is still a fantastic, infinitely rich mystery to the whole thing. It's like the Mandelbrot set -- infinitely complex, yet described by a simple formula. It seems to be an intuition that comes most easily to those who have spent some time thinking about information and computation (ie, computer science and information theory). Perhaps it's just another way of saying things that have been said before, but in a somewhat more scientifically palatable vocabulary.

Something like that.

23 comments:

Vered said...

"It is simply wrong to say that we can know god does not exist."

"the other misconception... that atheists have faith in the non-existence of god."

I thought that the very definition of an atheist is someone who denies the existence of god?

artiphys said...

well, I think the problem is that definitions vary. Atheism can mean 'strong atheism' -- a complete rejection of theism -- or 'weak atheism' (aka 'negative atheism'), which means you don't believe there is any objective evidence proving the existence of God or gods.

Because of this ambiguity, and perhaps also because atheism has negative connotations (godless communists, etc), those of us who do not believe that there is strong evidence disproving even the remote possibility of outside intelligence, or other metaphysical, mystical, transcendent, flying spaghetti monsters or what-have-you, may choose to self-identify as agnostic rather than atheist. This angers hard-core atheists because (I suppose) they think of it as some sort of appeasement, or bowing to political correctness. I agree with Steven Novella that it is simply the most philosophically pure and defensible statement to say, on this matter, 'I don't know for sure'.

That doesn't mean I don't have a hunch one way or the other.

Vered said...

And your hunch would be that there IS some type of outside intelligence, correct?

artiphys said...

well... if pressed, I would say that my hunch is that this Universe is not random. Understand this is self-avowed guesswork; I don't claim any real proof one way or the other, though I think there are suggestive hints.

In any case, even if the Universe is some sort of creation of some intelligent being, or the strangely non-random result of a random process like Evolution, none of this implies any of the things that traditional religions tend to espouse.

In particular, I am quite sure that there is no reward or punishment in this world or any other for good and bad behavior. So the problem that many religious people have with full-bore atheism would apply to my brand of agnosticism as well: it provides no moral code. We are on our own on that score, and we have to develop our own sense of right or wrong. Considering the record of humans so far, this premise is understandably scary to many reasonable people.

But that's the funny part: I believe people can learn to treat each other with respect and dignity as a matter of faith. There is no living God to punish us, or to suffer for our sins.

We are a young species, and like all children, we long for companionship. An orphan race, we made up stories about our missing parents to comfort ourselves. Now it is time to grow up and think for ourselves. It's actually a harder road to travel than the easy faith in a sugar daddy who will make everything alright.

Anonymous said...

Morals, or better ethics, can be derived from physics.

This statement baffels many people, but it is actually quite simple.

Ethical conduct describes an interaction with a life form, currently animals including humans, in which the conduct is based on ethical priviledge of a rights holder. These ethical priviledges or rights, are based on the ability and properties of the right holder and these abilities and properties are based in the materialism of physics.

Like the ability to feel pain, to have a will to live, to escape from dangers, to have a form of consciousness, central nervous system, to name but a few. Not all these abilities and properties, characteristics must be present at the same time, often as little as one makes the life form a holder of ethical rights, for example an ant which runs away after being touched by a stick.

Plants factually do not have abilities and properties for which they should be considered barers of ethical rights.

Animals (including humans) and in the future autonomous self-organized and conscious machines do have these abilities, characteristics and properties, which are all based in physics.

So physics _do_ present a base for ethical reasoning, no almighty Easter Bunny, or a ghost in the core of matter needed at all. Don't get me wrong, I'm an atheist, not an antitheist. People should be free to have mental hobbies. It's a form of cultural expression. Religion becomes only wrong, when it is used as a justification to commit ethical violations, for example flying airplanes into buildings or prohibiting homosexuals from marriage.

This is why I'm vegan BTW. I recognize that I do not require to ingest the bodies (flesh), secretions (milk), menstruation products (eggs) or consume any materials created thereof, like wool, leather, silk, in order to sustain myself. Therefore, any _avoidable_ act violating the ethical rights of right holders, is an ethical crime.

Veganism, unintentionally perhaps, provided a _prime directive_ based in rational reasoning, a sort of ethical standard which applies to all humans of all cultures and which is based on the materialism of physics.

Axaes Xandal (contactable in Ironforge/ OSGrid)

artiphys said...

Axaes said:

> So physics _do_ present a base for ethical reasoning, no almighty Easter Bunny, or a ghost in the core of matter needed at all.

I disagree. Physics presents a base for logical reasoning about the world we inhabit, including ourselves, creatures similar to us, and other entities with varying degrees of autonomy and other capabilities.

How does that in any way present a template for ethical behavior? Just as a true carnivore such as a lion cannot survive without consuming its prey, I can claim that my will to hold power over others and subjugate them is 'in my nature'. If it is also within my capability, what is preventing me from acting out in that way?

I can further argue that if I agree with you that I should be bound by some set of ethical principles, for instance not taking advantage of those incapable of protecting themselves from me, then someone else less ethically bound than I will come along and take the spoils that could have been mine.

I believe this presents a classical "prisoner's dilemma" challenge: it's only in my interest to act charitable to others if I have good reason to assume that they will act charitably to me in turn. As far as I can tell, the only ethics dictated by physics (and by extension all of science and secular reasoning -- i.e. evolution, game theory, etc) -- is 'tit for tat': I will do unto you as I suspect you are likely to do unto me.

-artiphys

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